Armed forces in new states

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Armed forces in new states

William Gutteridge - Nama Orang;

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NEW nations, even more than old, depend for their existence on the integrity of their armed forces; the most intelligent, experienced and well-meaning government may not survive if the army is corrupt. A nation which has just become independent of colonial rule is likely to be faced with a lack of internal cohesion, and in the last resort the army may be the cement to hold the state together. Apart from that, the former colonial state has probably to face a problem of external defence to which there can hardly be a satisfactory solution. Most British colonies maintained armed forces which were judged adequate for internal security and the patrolling of the frontiers; they were sometimes enough to meet the minor threat of attack by a neighbouring power of similar status; they were never adequate to meet the major threat, that is attack by a major power. For this they relied on support from the metropolitan power. What should the new country do about this?
Clearly the first need is a force which can be relied on for internal security. It simply will not do if you cannot move a battalion to the scene of a riot because the Commanding Officer is known to belong to the affected tribe or party. What is needed is an impartiality such that the Govern ments orders are obeyed without question, whatever the party or other loyalties involved. This is not easy to establish and depends on many factors not strictly military; there may be historical reasons for admiring or despising the armed forces; the officers may all come from one section of society; the whole tradition of public life may be against impartiality.
We British are perhaps unduly liable to take it for granted that our own institutions, our own methods which have worked well with us for a long time, not only can be but
should be adopted--adapted also, may be, but nevertheless basically become the prototype and model--for parallel institutions in other countries, especially new countries which have emerged into independence out of British colonial rule. This applies particularly to the armed forces which, in any such new states, are if anything more im portant and more potentially powerful within the states than they are in established democracies like the United Kingdom. I personally happen to think that it would be a very good thing if the armed forces of new states were organised, trained and politically directed on the British model. But this short book will have served a valuable purpose if it brings home to us the practical difficulties in the way of any such thing--the multitudinous factors which make the problems of a Cardwell or a Haldane in this fortunate island totally different from those confronting the far less experienced statesmen responsible for moulding the armed forces of emergent nations.
It would of course have been very nice had it worked out as we dreamed and if the armies of all newly independent African and Asian states could have sprung like hoplites from seed sown by dedicated British officers, fully armed with the Public School and Sandhurst traditions of political impartiality and disciplined loyalty to the Government of the day, whatever its political colour. As a matter of fact, as far as our ex-dependent territories are concerned, I do not think we or they have done too badly in this regard; and where they have fallen short of the ideal, it may have been due, at least in part, to lack of foresight or undue conservatism on our part. I am thinking for instance of our failure until too recently to bring on indigenous officers in African local forces.
It is, however, worth reflecting that if the relations between a Government and its armed forces are to be all that we think they should be, the Government itself must be impartial, stable, honest and politically mature enough to deserve a high degree of disciplined loyalty. Latin America
Daftar Isi
Part I. Introduction
Part II. Security Forces in the Sales of Commonwealth Africa
Part III. The U.N. Forces in the Congo
...

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0226598001	355.3-Gut-A	PERPUSTAKAAN SESKOAL (Rak 10 B Baris 3)	Tersedia
0226598002	355.3-Gut-A	PERPUSTAKAAN SESKOAL (Rak 10 B Baris 3)	Tersedia

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No. Panggil	355.3-Gut-A
Penerbit	London: Oxford University Press., 1962
Deskripsi Fisik	-
Bahasa	Indonesia
ISBN/ISSN	-
Tipe Isi	Text
Tipe Media	-
Subjek	-

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